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The Steam store also enables users to redeem store product keys to add software from their library. The keys are sold by third-party providers such as Humble Bundle in which a portion of the sale is given back to the publisher or distributor , distributed as part of a physical release to redeem the game, or given to a user as part of promotions, often used to deliver Kickstarter and other crowd funding rewards.

A grey market exists around Steam keys, where less reputable buyers purchase a large number of Steam keys for a game when it is offered for a low cost, and then resell these keys to users or other third-party sites at a higher price, generating profit for themselves. In , Steam began to accept player reviews of games. Other users can subsequently rate these reviews as helpful, humorous, or otherwise unhelpful, which are then used to highlight the most useful reviews on the game’s Steam store page.

Steam also aggregates these reviews and enables users to sort products based on this feedback while browsing the store. In particular, Valve announced in March that it mark reviews they believe are “off-topic” as a result of a review bomb, and eliminate their contribution to summary review scores; the first such games they took action on with this was the Borderlands games after it was announced Borderlands 3 would be a timed-exclusive to the Epic Games Store.

During mid, Valve began to offer free-to-play games, such as Global Agenda , Spiral Knights and Champions Online ; this offer was linked to the company’s move to make Team Fortress 2 a free-to-play title. Later that year, Valve added the ability to trade in-game items and “unopened” game gifts between users.

Steam Coupons can be provided to users by developers and publishers; users can trade these coupons between friends in a similar fashion to gifts and in-game items. For example, Team Fortress 2 —the first game supported at the beta phase—incurred both fees. Full support for other games was expected to be available in early In October , Steam introduced non-gaming applications, which are sold through the service in the same manner as games.

Valve have also added the ability for publishers to rent and sell digital movies via the service, with initially most being video game documentaries. Entertainment offering the Mad Max films alongside the September release of the game based on the series , [] Lionsgate entered into agreement with Valve to rent over one hundred feature films from its catalog through Steam starting in April , with more films following later.

While Steam allows developers to offer demo versions of their games at any time, Valve worked with Geoff Keighley in in conjunction with The Game Awards to hold a week-long Steam Game Festival to feature a large selection of game demos of current and upcoming games, alongside sales for games already released. A Steam Points system and storefront was added in June , which mirrored similar temporary points systems that had been used in prior sales on the storefront.

Users earn points through purchases on Steam or by receiving community recognition for helpful reviews or discussion comments. These points do not expire as they had in the prior sales, and can be redeemed in the separate storefront for cosmetics that apply to the user’s profile and chat interface. The popularity of Steam has led to the service’s being attacked by hackers. An attempt occurred in November , when Valve temporarily closed the community forums, citing potential hacking threats to the service.

Days later, Valve reported that the hack had compromised one of its customer databases, potentially allowing the perpetrators to access customer information; including encrypted password and credit card details.

At that time, Valve was not aware whether the intruders actually accessed this information or discovered the encryption method, but nevertheless warned users to be alert for fraudulent activity. Valve added Steam Guard functionality to the Steam client in March to protect against the hijacking of accounts via phishing schemes, one of the largest support problems Valve had at the time.

Once locked, activity by that account on other computers must first be approved by the user on the locked computer. In , between Steam-based game inventories, trading cards, and other virtual goods attached to a user’s account, Valve stated that the potential monetary value had drawn hackers to try to access user accounts for financial benefit, and continue to encourage users to secure accounts with Steam Guard, when trading was introduced in To improve security, the company announced that new restrictions would be added in March , under which day holds are placed on traded items unless they activate, and authenticate with Steam Guard Mobile Authenticator.

In July , a bug in the software allowed anyone to reset the password to any account by using the “forgot password” function of the client. High-profile professional gamers and streamers lost access to their accounts.

In April , Valve added new privacy settings for Steam users, who are able to set if their current activity status is private, visible to friends only, or public; in addition to being able to hide their game lists, inventory, and other profile elements in a similar manner. While these changes brought Steam’s privacy settings inline with approaches used by game console services, it also impacted third-party services such as Steam Spy , which relied on the public data to estimate Steam sales count.

Valve established a HackerOne bug bounty program in May , a crowdsourced method to test and improve security features of the Steam client. The vulnerability was then reported to Valve via the program, but it was initially rejected for being “out-of-scope”.

Following a second vulnerability found by the same user, Valve apologized and patched them both, and expanded the program’s rules to accept any other similar problems in the future. The Anti-Defamation League published a report that stated the Steam Community platform harbors hateful content in April Since November , Steam has allowed for users to review their purchased games and organize them into categories set by the user and add to favorite lists for quick access.

The Steam interface allows for user-defined shortcuts to be added. In this way, third-party modifications and games not purchased through the Steam Store can use Steam features.

Valve sponsors and distributes some modifications free of charge; [] and modifications that use Steamworks can also use VAC, Friends, the server browser, and any Steam features supported by their parent game. For most games launched from Steam, the client provides an in-game overlay that can be accessed by a keystroke. From the overlay, the user can access his or her Steam Community lists and participate in chat, manage selected Steam settings, and access a built-in web browser without having to exit the game.

As a full version on February 24, , this feature was reimplemented so that users could share screenshots on websites of Facebook , Twitter , and Reddit straight from a user’s screenshot manager. Steam’s “Big Picture” mode was announced in ; [] public betas started in September and were integrated into the software in December Newell stated that Big Picture mode was a step towards a dedicated Steam entertainment hardware unit.

In , Valve announced Steam for Schools, a free function-limited version of the Steam client for schools. It was released alongside free versions of Portal 2 and a standalone program called “Puzzle Maker” that allowed teachers and students to create and manipulate levels. It featured additional authentication security that allowed teachers to share and distribute content via a Steam Workshop-type interface, but blocks access from students. In-Home Streaming was introduced in May ; it allows users to stream games installed on one computer to another—regardless of platform—on the same home network with low latency.

The Steam client, as part of a social network service , allows users to identify friends and join groups using the Steam Community feature. Users can participate in forums hosted by Valve to discuss Steam games. Each user has a unique page that shows his or her groups and friends, game library including earned achievements, game wishlists, and other social features; users can choose to keep this information private. Using them, players can trade with other Steam users on the Steam community Marketplace and use them to craft “Badges”, which grant rewards such as game discount coupons, emoticons, and the ability to customize their user profile page.

This requirement can be fulfilled by making any purchase of five dollars or more on Steam, or by adding at the same amount to their wallet. Through Steamworks, Steam provides a means of server browsing for multiplayer games that use the Steam Community features, allowing users to create lobbies with friends or members of common groups. Steamworks also provides Valve Anti-Cheat VAC , Valve’s proprietary anti-cheat system; game servers automatically detect and report users who are using cheats in online, multiplayer games.

In September , Steam Music was added to the Steam client, allowing users to play through music stored on their computer or to stream from a locally networked computer directly in Steam. A major visual overhaul of the Library and game profile pages were released in October Associated with that, Valve gave developers means of communicating when special in-game events are approaching through Steam Events, which appear to players on the revamped Library and game profile pages.

Valve provides developers the ability to create storefront pages for games ahead of time to help generate interest in their game ahead of release. Valve offers Steamworks, an application programming interface API that provides development and publishing tools to take advantage of Steam client’s features, free-of-charge to game and software developers.

The API also provides anti-cheating devices and digital copy management. Developers of software available on Steam are able to track sales of their games through the Steam store. In February , Valve announced that it would begin to allow developers to set up their own sales for their games independent of any sales that Valve may set.

Steam conducts and partially publishes a monthly opt-in hardware and software survey since and Valve added the ability for developers to sell games under an early access model with a special section of the Steam store, starting in March This program allows for developers to release functional, but not finished, products such as beta versions to the service to allow users to buy the games and help provide testing and feedback towards the final production.

Early access also helps to provide funding to the developers to help complete their games. Developers are able to request Steam keys of their products to use as they see fit, such as to give away in promotions, to provide to selected users for review, or to give to key resellers for different profitization.

Valve generally honors all such requests, but clarified that they would evaluate some requests to avoid giving keys to games or other offerings that are designed to manipulate the Steam storefront and other features. For example, Valve said that a request for , keys for a game that has significantly negative reviews and 1, sales on Steam is unlikely to be granted.

Valve enabled the ability for multiple developers to create bundles of games from their offerings without the need for Valve’s staff to create these on their behalf in June The Steam Workshop is a Steam account-based hosting service for videogame user-created content. Depending on the title, new levels, art assets, gameplay modifications, or other content may be published to or installed from the Steam Workshop through an automated, online account-based process.

The Workshop was originally used for distribution of new items for Team Fortress 2 ; [] it was redesigned to extend support for any game in early , including modifications for The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. SteamVR is a virtual reality hardware and software platform developed by Valve, with a focus on allowing “room-scale” experiences using positional tracking base stations, as opposed to those requiring the player to stay in a singular location. Up until , Valve would handpick games to be included onto the Steam service, limiting these to games that either had a major developer supporting them, or smaller studios with proven track records for Valve’s purposes.

Since then, Valve have sought ways to enable more games to be offered through Steam, while pulling away from manually approving games for the service, short of validating that a game runs on the platforms the publisher had indicated.

Valve announced Steam Greenlight to streamline game addition to the service in July and released the following month. Developers were able to submit information about their games, as well as early builds or beta versions, for consideration by users.

Users would pledge support for these games, and Valve would help to make top-pledged games available on the Steam service. Those fees were donated to the charity Child’s Play.

The initial process offered by Greenlight was panned by developers because while they favored the concept, the rate of games that were eventually approved were small. Steam Greenlight was phased out and replaced with Steam Direct in June Once they apply, a developer must wait thirty days before publishing the game as to give Valve the ability to review the game to make sure it is “configured correctly, matches the description provided on the store page, and doesn’t contain malicious content”.

Valve anticipated that the volume of new games added to the service would further increase with Direct in place. Without more direct interaction on the curation process, allowing hundreds more games on the service, Valve had looked to find methods to allow players to find games they would be more likely to buy based on previous purchase patterns. Curators can set up descriptors for the type of games they are interested in, preferred languages, and other tags along with social media profiles, while developers can find and reach out to specific curators from this information, and, after review, provide them directly with access to their game.

This step, which eliminates the use of a Steam redemption key, is aimed to reduce the reselling of keys, as well as dissuade users that may be trying to game the curator system to obtain free game keys. Valve has attempted to deal with “fake games”, those that are built around reused assets and little other innovation, designed to misuse Steam’s features for the benefit only to the developer or select few users.

To help assist finding and removing these games from the service, the company added Steam Explorers atop its existing Steam Curator program, according to various YouTube personalities that have spoken out about such games in the past and with Valve directly, including Jim Sterling and TotalBiscuit.

Any Steam user is able to sign up to be an Explorer, and are asked to look at under-performing games on the service as to either vouch that the game is truly original and simply lost among other releases, or if it is an example of a “fake game”, at which point Valve can take action to remove the game. In July , the Steam Labs feature was introduced as a means of Valve to showcase experimental discovery features they have considered for including into Steam, but seek public feedback to see if it is something that users want before fully integrating that into the storefront.

For example, an initial experiment released at launch was the Interactive Recommender, which uses artificial intelligence algorithms pulling data from the user’s past gameplay history, comparing it to all other users, as to suggest new games that may be of interest to them. The September Discovery update, which Valve claimed would improve the visibility of niche and lesser-known games, was met with criticism from some indie game developers, who recorded a significant drop in exposure of their games, including new wishlist additions and appearances in the “More Like This” and “Discovery queue” sections of the store.

In June , Valve created a formal process to allow purchasers to request full refunds on games they had purchased on Steam for any reason, with refunds guaranteed within the first two weeks as long as the player had not spent more than two hours in the game.

For example, the Steam version of From Dust was originally stated to have a single, post-installation online DRM check with its publisher Ubisoft, but the released version of the game required a DRM check with Ubisoft’s servers each time it was used.

At the request of Ubisoft, Valve offered refunds to customers who bought the game while Ubisoft worked to release a patch that would remove the DRM check altogether. Though the developers Hammerpoint Interactive altered the description after launch to reflect the current state of the game software, Valve removed the title from Steam and offered refunds to those who had bought it.

Valve has full authority to remove games from the service for various reasons; however games that are removed can still be downloaded and played by those that have already purchased these games. With the launch of Steam Direct, effectively removing any curation of games by Valve prior to being published on Steam, there have been several incidents of published games that have attempted to mislead Steam users.

Starting in June , Valve has taken actions against games and developers that are ” trolling ” the system; in September , Valve explicitly defined that trolls on Steam “aren’t actually interested in good faith efforts to make and sell games to you or anyone” and instead use “game shaped object” that could be considered a video game but would not be considered “good” by a near-unanimity of users.

In addition to removing bad actors from the service, Valve has also taken steps to reduce the impact of “fake games” and their misuse on the service. In May , Valve identified that there were several games on the service with trading card support, where the developer distributed game codes to thousands of bot-operated accounts that would run the game to earn trading cards that they could then sell for profit; these games would also create false positives that make these games appear more popular than they really were and would impact games suggested to legitimate players through their store algorithms, affecting Steam’s Discovery algorithms.

Subsequent to this patch, games must reach some type of confidence factor based on actual playtime before they can generate trading cards, with players credited for their time played towards receiving trading cards before this metric is met. Valve plans to use the same approach and algorithms to identify these types of games, limiting these games to only one thousand total achievements and discounting these achievements towards a user’s statistics.

Other actions taken by developers against the terms of service or other policies have prompted Valve to remove games. Valve has also removed or threatened to remove games due to inappropriate or mature content, though there was often confusion as to what material qualified for this, such as a number of mature, but non-pornographic visual novels being threatened.

For example, Eek Games’ House Party included scenes of nudity and sexual encounters in its original release, which drew criticism from conservative religious organization National Center on Sexual Exploitation , leading Valve to remove the title from the service. Eek Games were later able to satisfy Valve’s standards by including censor bars within the game and allowing the game to be readded to Steam, though offered a patch on their website to remove the bars.

However, Valve later rescinded its orders, allowing these games to remain and telling the developers Valve would re-evaluate the games and inform them of any content that would need to be changed or removed.

In June , Valve clarified its policy on content, taking a more hands-off approach rather than deem what content is inappropriate, outside of illegal material. Rather than trying to make decisions themselves on what content is appropriate, Valve enhanced its filtering system to allow developers and publishers to indicate and justify the types of mature content including violence, nudity, and sexual content in their games. Users can block games that are marked with this type of content from appearing in the store, and if they have not blocked it, they are presented with the description given by the developer or publisher before they can continue to the store page.

Developers and publishers with existing games on Steam have been strongly encouraged to complete these forms for these games, while Valve will use moderators to make sure new games are appropriately marked. Until these tools were in place, some adult-themed games were delayed for release. Dharker noted that in discussions with Valve that they would be liable for any content-related fines or penalties that countries may place on Valve, a clause of their publishing contract for Steam, and took steps to restrict sale of the game in over 20 regions.

In March , Valve faced pressure over Rape Day , a planned game described as being a dark comedy and power fantasy where the player would control a serial rapist in the midst of a zombie apocalypse. Journalists questioned how the hands-off approach would handle this case; Valve ultimately decided against offering the game on Steam, arguing that while it “[respects] developers’ desire to express themselves”, there were “costs and risks” associated with the game’s content, and the developers had “chosen content matter and a way of representing it that makes it very difficult for us to help them [find an audience]”.

Steam originally released exclusively for Microsoft Windows in , but has since been ported to other platforms. Steam on Windows also relies on some security features built into later versions of Windows. Steam support for XP and Vista were dropped in While users still on those operating systems are able to use the client, they do not have access to newer features.

Around only 0. Steam for Mac OS X was originally planned for release in April ; but was pushed back to May 12, , following a beta period.

In addition to the Steam client, several features were made available to developers, allowing them to take advantage of the cross-platform Source engine, and platform and network capabilities using Steamworks. Some third-party games may require the user to re-purchase them to gain access to the cross-platform functionality.

Valve announced in July that it was developing a Steam client for Linux and modifying the Source engine to work natively on Linux, based on the Ubuntu distribution.

The team developing the Linux client had been working for a year before the announcement to validate that such a port would be possible. From there, it began working on porting other games to Ubuntu and expanding to other Linux distributions. In August , Valve released a beta version of Proton , an open-source Windows compatibility layer for Linux, so that Linux users could run Windows games directly through Steam for Linux, removing the need to install the Windows version of Steam in Wine.

The software allows the use of Steam-supported controllers, even those not compatible with Windows. This included working with various anti-cheat developers such as Easy Anti-Cheat and BattlEye to make sure their solutions worked with Proton. Support for Nvidia ‘s proprietary deep learning super sampling DLSS on supported video cards and games was added to Proton in June , though this will not be available on the Steam Deck which is based on AMD hardware.

It would provide automatic updates, community support, downloadable content and other unannounced features. Several features—including cross-platform play and instant messaging , Steam Cloud for saved games, and the ability for PS3 owners to download Portal 2 from Steam Windows and Mac at no extra cost—were offered. The Xbox does not have support for Steamworks. Newell said that they would have liked to bring the service to the console through the game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive , which would have allowed Valve to provide the same feature set that it did for the PlayStation 3, [] but later said that cross-platform play would not be present in the final version of the game.

Valve’s Erik Johnson stated that Microsoft required new content on the console to be certified and validated before distribution, which would limit the usefulness of Steamworks’ delivery approach. Valve released an official Steam client for iOS and Android devices in late January , following a short beta period. The application also incorporates a two-factor authentication system that works with Steam Guard, further enhancing the security of a user’s account. Newell stated that the application was a strong request from Steam users and sees it as a means “to make [Steam] richer and more accessible for everyone”.

On May 14, , a “Steam Link” app with remote play features was released in beta to allow users to stream games to Android phones, named after discontinued set-top box Steam Link. Prior to , industry analysts believed that Valve was developing hardware and tuning features of Steam with apparent use on its own hardware.

These computers were pre-emptively dubbed as “Steam Boxes” by the gaming community and expected to be a dedicated machine focused upon Steam functionality and maintaining the core functionality of a traditional video game console. That was discontinued in , but now “Steam Link” refers to the Remote Play mobile app that allows users to stream content, such as games, from a PC to a mobile device over a network. Valve released the Steam Deck , a handheld gaming computer running an updated version of SteamOS , with initial shipments starting on February 25, In March , Google offered a prerelease version of Steam on Chromebooks.

Valve included beta support for Steam Cloud Play in May for developers to allow users to play games in their library which developers and publishers have opted to allow in a cloud gaming service.

At launch, Steam Cloud Play only worked through Nvidia’s GeForce Now service and would link up to other cloud services in the future though whether Valve would run its own cloud gaming service was unclear. China has strict regulations on video games and Internet use ; however, access to Steam is allowed through China’s governmental firewalls. Currently, a large portion of Steam users are from China. Following a Chinese government-ordered temporary block of many of Steam’s functions in December , [] Valve and Perfect World announced they would help to provide an officially sanctioned version of Steam that meets Chinese Internet requirements.

Perfect World has worked with Valve before to help bring Dota 2 and Counter-Strike: Global Offensive to the country through approved government processes.

It was made to comply with China’s strict regulations on video games , featuring only those that have passed approval by their government. On 25 December , reports emerged that Steam’s global service was the target of a domain name system attack that prevented users in China from accessing its site. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology MIIT later confirmed that Chinese gamers would no longer be able to use Steam’s global service as its international domain name has been designated as “illegal” due to “illicit activities” which were unspecified.

The block has effectively locked all Chinese users out of games they had purchased through Steam’s international service, and that they would only be able to go through Steam’s China-specific application. Valve reported that there were million active accounts on Steam by the end of Valve also considers the concurrent user count a key indicator of the success of the platform, reflecting how many accounts were logged into Steam at the same time.

By August , Valve reported that they saw a peak of 14 million concurrent players, up from 8. Steam has grown from seven games in to over 30, by , with additional non-gaming products, such as creation software, DLC, and videos, numbering over 20, Though Steam provides direct sales data to a game’s developer and publisher, it does not provide any public sales data or provide such data to third-party sales groups like NPD Group. In , Valve’s Jason Holtman stated that the company felt that such sales data was outdated for a digital market, since such data, used in aggregate from other sources, could lead to inaccurate conclusions.

Developers and publishers have expressed the need to have some metrics of sales for games on Steam, as this allows them to judge the potential success of a title by reviewing how similar games had performed. This led to the creation of algorithms that worked on publicly available data through user profiles to estimate sales data with some accuracy, which led to the creation of the website Steam Spy in The change broke the method Steam Spy had collected data, rendering it unusable.

Some have asserted that Valve used the GDPR change as a means to block methods of estimating sales data, [] though Valve has since promised to provide tools to developers to help gain such insights that they say will be more accurate than Steam Spy was. Steam’s customer service has been highly criticized, with users citing poor response times or lack of response in regards to problems such as being locked out of one’s library or having a non-working game redemption key.

In March , Valve had been given a failing “F” grade from the Better Business Bureau due to a large number of complaints in Valve’s handling of Steam, leading Valve’s Erik Johnson to state that “we don’t feel like our customer service support is where it needs to be right now”. Of those, requests for refunds were the largest segment, and which Valve could resolve within hours, followed by account security and recovery requests.

Greenlight expanded this to about 70 per week, and which doubled to per week following the introduction of Direct. Following the launch of Steam Direct, allowing games to be published without Valve’s curation, members of the video game industry were split on Valve’s hands-off approach. Some praised Valve in favoring to avoid trying to be a moral adjudicator of content and letting consumers decide what content they want to see, while others felt that this would encourage some developers to publish games on Steam that are purposely hateful or degenerate of some social classes, like LGBTQ , and that Valve’s reliance on user filters and algorithms may not succeed in blocking undesirable content from certain users.

Some further criticized the decision based on the financial gain from avoid blocking any game content, as Valve collects a cut from sales through Steam. Steam was estimated to have the largest share in the PC digital distribution market in the s. Competitors emerged with Games for Windows — Live in and Impulse in , both of which were shut down in and , respectively. They purported that having such a percentage of the overall market can be detrimental to the industry and that sector competition would yield positive results for consumers.

Because of Valve’s oversight of sales data, estimates of how much of a market share Steam has in the video game market is difficult to compile. Steam’s predominance in the gaming market has led to Valve becoming involved in various legal cases. In December , the French consumer group UFC-Que Choisir initiated a lawsuit against Valve for several of their Steam policies that conflict or run afoul of French law, including the restriction against reselling of purchased games , which is legal in the European Union.

The decision is primarily based on the court’s findings that Steam sells licenses to software titles, despite Valve’s claim that they were selling subscriptions, which are not covered by the Directives. The company stated that it would appeal the decision. Agencies have received orders from the prime minister to tackle two urgent issues, Bangkok floods and the monkeypox outbreak. The Mass Rapid Transit Authority MRTA of Thailand has allayed fears about flooding of its subway, saying the system has been designed to be flood-proof even when rainfall is at the highest level in years.

World Athletics has certified Thai sprinter Puripol Boonson as the new metres world record holder in the under category. Not even politicians would think of addressing them explicitly as an ethnic constituency as they would say, Polish Americans, Jewish Americans, or African Americans. Historians have tried to explain what became of the German Americans and their descendants. Kazal looks at Germans in Philadelphia, focusing on four ethnic subcultures: middle-class Vereinsdeutsche , working-class socialists, Lutherans, and Catholics.

Each group followed a somewhat distinctive path toward assimilation. Lutherans, and the better situated Vereinsdeutsche with whom they often overlapped, after World War I abandoned the last major German characteristics and redefined themselves as old stock or as “Nordic” Americans, stressing their colonial roots in Pennsylvania and distancing themselves from more recent immigrants.

On the other hand, working-class and Catholic Germans, groups that heavily overlapped, lived and worked with Irish and other European ethnics; they also gave up German characteristics but came to identify themselves as White ethnics, distancing themselves above all from African American recent arrivals in nearby neighborhoods.

Well before World War I, women in particular were becoming more and more involved in a mass consumer culture that lured them out of their German-language neighborhood shops and into English-language downtown department stores. The s and s brought English-language popular culture via movies and radio that drowned out the few surviving German language venues. Kazal points out that German Americans have not had an experience that is especially typical of immigrant groups.

No other large immigrant group was subjected to such strong, sustained pressure to abandon its ethnic identity for an American one. None was so divided internally, a characteristic that made German Americans especially vulnerable to such pressure. Among the larger groups that immigrated in the country after , none – despite regional variations – appears to have muted its ethnic identity to so great an extent.

Regarding the external pressures, Kazal writes: “The pressure imposed on German Americans to forsake their ethnic identity was extreme in both nature and duration.

No other ethnic group saw its ‘adoptive fatherland’ twice enter a world war against its country of origin. To this stigma, the Third Reich added the lasting one of the Holocaust. In her study of ethnic identity in the s, sociologist Mary Waters noted that the ‘effect of the Nazi movement and World War II was still quite strong’ in shaping ‘popular perceptions of the German-American character’, enough so that some individuals of mixed background often would acknowledge only the non-German part of their ancestry.

In contrast, they pressured Germans to accept precisely that American identity in place of a German one”. Kazal goes on to state “The burden of “enemy” status made those pressures far greater for Germans than for other European ethnic groups. To some extent, American intervention in World War I actually helped fuel ethnic nationalism in the United States among Poles, Czechs, Lithuanians, Italians, and east European Jews, who felt their desires for existing or prospective homelands stood to gain from an Allied victory.

Indeed, some historians have depicted the following decade as one when immigrants transcended local or regional homeland affiliations to craft or further consolidate national identities as Poles, Czechs, and Italians. Such groups escaped the fury of ” percent Americanism” during the war, in part because of their obvious stake in the defeat of the Central Powers”.

Kazal then goes on to discuss the internal dividedness. He writes: “German-American identity fell victim not only to a peculiar set of events, but also to an extraordinarily high level of internal diversity.

All ethnic groups have internal divides, whether of class, religion, gender, politics, or homeland region. What distinguished German America was that it incorporated not just some but all of these divisions. Irish Americans, for example, had lost their status as primarily a proletarian group by , yet they were united by religion and politics. The power of this synthesis, Kerby Miller argued, explains the survival of Irish-American identity despite the ebbing of organised Irish-American nationalism after the Free State’s founding.

For German Americans, religion and party politics were sources of division rather than of unity”. The latter beckoned as destinations when the cost of being German-American rose too high”. In part this reflects patterns that had developed over centuries in Germany, whose population came to include nearly every variety of Christianity—from Catholics, Lutherans, and Reformed groups to more radical Anabaptist pietistic movements such as Amish, Mennonites, Schwenkfelders, and the Moravian church.

It is not surprising, then, that nearly all of these denominations were represented among the German immigrant population in North America. Robert Paul McCaffery points out that “Despite their numbers Religious disputes brought from the old country prevented them from uniting in the new.

The two strongest denominations, Catholics and Lutherans, could not come together; and the Free Thinkers distrusted and shunned them both. Tischauser “maintains that neither World War I, political questions of importance to Germans, nor German candidates could unite the German-Americans of Chicago”. Louis comprised the city’s largest immigrant ethnicity and possibly its least cohesive”. He goes on to state that German Americans in St. Louis “could not be relied upon to do much of anything as a group.

Louis served and still does as the seat of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod, a conservative American Lutheran confession, and their local strength led to friction with Germans of other faiths. These Lutherans did not traffic much with the sizable German Catholic population of the city, who often shared their houses of worship and political stances with the Irish. The small rabbinical German Jewish community remained insular. The Freethinkers, atheists, socialists, et al.

In addition, the Germans, while heavily concentrated in a few pockets of north and south St. Louis, were spread across the city proper and into the larger countryside”.

This situation differed from that of other nineteenth-century immigrant groups, notably the Irish, but also Italians and people of other European backgrounds. The resulting lack of a unified and clearly definable German-American community explains in part why only few Americans, including those of German descent, have any idea when Steuben Day or German-American Day falls, whereas the Irish St.

Patrick’s Day is one of America’s most popular celebrations, and Columbus Day, named after the Italian explorer, is a federal holiday”. Despite the remarkable level of language assimilation reached by German Americans, distinct German usage survived well into the mid-to-lateth century in some places. Writing about the town of Hustisford, Wisconsin , Jennifer Ludden discusses Mel Grulke, who was born in , with German his first language at home; “Grulke’s great-grandparents immigrated to the U.

The three Amish dialects as well as Hutterite German are still learned by all children of the group, whereas Plautdietsch-speakers tend much more to switch to English. Another group of German-speakers can be found in the Amana Colonies in Iowa; according to the website Statistical Atlas, all the residents of East Amana speak German at home, and only It has been shown that cultural differences between the attitudes towards farming of German Americans, on the one hand, and of British-ancestry “Yankees”, on the other, lasted into the s and have to some extent lasted into the 21st century; German Americans have tended to see farming in a more family-oriented manner than Yankees.

The influence of German cuisine is seen in the cuisine of the United States throughout the country, especially regarding pastries, meats and sausages, and above all, beer. Frankfurters or “wieners”, originating from Frankfurt am Main and Vienna , respectively , hamburgers , bratwurst , sauerkraut , and strudel are common dishes. German bakers introduced the pretzel , which is popular across the United States. Germans introduced America to lager , the most-produced beer style in the United States, and have been the dominant ethnic group in the beer industry since The oldest extant brewery in the United States is D.

Almost half of all current beer sales in the United States can be attributed to German immigrants, Capt. Louis in There are also major annual events in Chicago’s Lincoln Square neighborhood, a traditional a center of the city’s German population, in Cincinnati , where its annual Oktoberfest Zinzinnati [] is the largest Oktoberfest outside of Germany [] and in Milwaukee, which celebrates its German heritage with an annual German Fest.

So many German speakers arrived, the area became known as ” Deutschtown ” and has been revived as such. Skat , the most popular card game in Germany, is also played in areas of the United States with large German American populations, such as Wisconsin and Texas.

The following German international schools are in operation in the United States, serving German citizens, Americans, and other U. German Americans have been influential in almost every field in American society, including science, architecture, business, sports, entertainment, theology, politics, and the military.

Eisenhower , Chester W. Henry Kissinger was a famous diplomat,. Many German Americans have played a prominent role in American industry and business, including Henry J.

Heinz H. Kraft Kraft Foods Inc. Some, such as Brooklyn Bridge engineer John A. Albert Einstein , J. They contributed decisively to the development of U. Neil Armstrong was the first human to land on the moon. There were many celebrities.

There have been three presidents whose fathers were of German descent: Dwight D. Presidents with maternal German ancestry include Harry Truman , whose maternal grandfather Solomon Young was a descendant of Johann Georg Jung and Hans Michael Gutknecht, who emigrated from Germany together in , [] Richard Milhous Nixon , whose maternal ancestors were Germans who anglicized Melhausen to Milhous, [] and Barack Obama , whose maternal family’s ancestry includes German immigrants from the South German town of Besigheim [] and from Bischwiller in the Alsace region that is nowadays part of France; both families came to America around Johnson , Grover Cleveland , George W.

Bush , George H. Bush and Theodore Roosevelt Jr had at least one German ancestor, but they did not emphasize it. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Americans of German birth or descent. Deutschamerikaner German.

Americans with German Ancestry by state according to the U. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey in This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Main article: Pennsylvania German. Main article: Germans in the American Revolution. Main article: History of the Jews in the United States. Further information: Germans in Alabama.

Main article: German Texan. See also: Volga Germans and Russian Mennonite. Wisconsin — See also: List of German restaurants. Main article: German American journalism. German speakers in the US. Main article: German language in the United States.

Lateth-century German-American buildings in Manhattan. Frohne on St. Mark’s Place in the East Village. For a more comprehensive list, see List of German Americans. Bruce Leslie has written that “German American invisibility in contemporary society and in history is an anomaly deserving attention.

By standard statistical measurement, the Germans were the largest immigrant group. Yet historians have been far more interested in Italian, Irish, Polish, and Eastern European Jewish immigration and culture. Irish bars, Italian restaurants, and Jewish humor abound.

German language is rarely studied in high schools or colleges and German restaurants are an endangered culinary species. The blending of so many millions into the American mainstream with barely a trace is one of the major untold stories in American history”. I have already noted Laurie Jablonski’s stronger identification with her Polish than with her German ancestry, a fact she attributed to the influence her surname had on how others reacted to her.

When I asked about times when the relative influence of one or the other side might be stronger, she revealed that political events in Germany and Poland had a lot to do with how she chose to identify herself”. A similar story to Laurie’s is related in a description by Hinda Winawer-Steiner and Norbert Wetzel of a workshop for family therapists on ethnicity and family therapy. The therapists were supposed to talk about their ethnicity and how it might influence their work.

A discussion of a German-American family revealed that two of the therapists who had identified themselves as Polish-American at the beginning of the workshop were, in fact, half German. It turned out that they were suppressing their German identity because of the negative connotations associated with being German.

The other, after some reflection, said that in a group that was half Jewish, she had been reluctant to acknowledge her German heritage” Winawer-Steiner and Wetzel , “. Hence, German-Americans’ diversity has emerged as perhaps the crucial variable accounting for their assimilationist propensities. Otter Tail County, certainly a rural area, had German-American communities that were diverse and small, and these communities succeeded in maintaining crucial ethnic boundaries into the twentieth century.

The persistence of these heterogeneous, lightly populated German-American communities suggest that place of residence was the key factor in the rate of German-American assimilation. Urban orientation may have corroded German-American ethnic boundaries more than diversity did, though the two variables were not unrelated”. Cayton: “In the process of participating in the public culture of Ohio, some Germans struggled to keep connections with their birthplaces.

A coherent community was difficult to maintain, however. Proud as they were of ‘Deutschthum’, or the sum of Germanness, it became increasingly vague. Germans were too diverse in terms of religion and politics. Writing about New Orleans , Miller states “During the nineteenth century, the Irish and Germans provided the largest numbers of mmigrants and gave the city its immigrant cast. The Irish and Germans differed in their ethnic cohesiveness and interactions with the host culture s “. They were widely dispersed throughout the Second and Third Municipalities, and in Carrollton and Lafayette, and they were fragmented by differences in religion, region of origin, and class.

The proliferation of German clubs, associations, and institutions bespoke the Germans’ numerical significance in the city, but it also attested to their divisions, for such organizations tended to cater to very specific groups rather than bind the various German strands together. But, overall, Germans were too diverse and divided to dominate the city”. In the great waves of late antebellum immigration, the vast majority of Irish immigrants entering New Orleans came from a few select counties in Ireland.

They shared a common faith, poverty, and national identity. New Orleans was small enough so that dispersal did not diminish Irish power; in fact, Irish immigrants everywhere shared so many common cultural and class interests that dispersion served to broaden Irish influence on the city’s culture”.

United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 14, Retrieved July 14, September 8, Retrieved March 10, April 24, Retrieved June 12, Retrieved November 11, Archived from the original on May 4, is the estimate which counts all people claiming ethnic German ancestry in the U. ISBN Nesbit Wisconsin: A History. University of Wisconsin Press. Carl Schurz – “. June 11, Archived from the original on June 11, Retrieved March 17, Archived from the original on August 5, Retrieved March 18, January 13, Retrieved January 5, Lerner Harvard UP.

American Women and the Repeal of Prohibition. NYU Press. Social Science History. JSTOR Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Harvard University Press. OCLC Amish Society. Standardization: Studies from the Germanic Languages. December 1, By Carl Wittke. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Journal of American History. ISSN Retrieved February 25, The American Midwest , p. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved on November 15, Robinson, History of North Dakota pp.

The Newberry Library. Kamphoefner and Wolfgang Helbich, eds. Faust, page Quoting from an ethnicity study by B. Gould; online. Neale Carman, ed. Journal of American Ethnic History. Jensen It would be the first major vaccine of its type in 20 years. The companies are seeking thousands of volunteers in the U.

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The Presidential Records Act governs the record-keeping responsibilities of presidents, but legal experts have said Trump may have violated other laws. It’s now become a sanctuary for other veterans and military widows. Four doctors share their concerns about why abortion restrictions are causing confusion and putting patients’ lives at risk. CBS News has obtained a draft report that indicates COVID restrictions in the classroom having to do with testing and social distancing could soon be eased.

While not final, the recommendations could also lift quarantine recommendations for those exposed to the virus, whether they are vaccinated or not.

Nancy Chen reports. The general tasked with defending the key port city of Mykolaiv is bracing for a counter offensive against Russia, and he needs all the American help he can get. Mikey Allen’s remote castle in Wales is a monument to the power of the human mind to overcome trauma, and a temple for others to do the same. The River Po has been running dry as it faces its worst drought in 70 years. Singer Olivia Newton-John, who sold million records and was a tireless advocate for breast cancer research, died after a three-decade battle with the disease.

Gayle King looks back at her life and legacy. It has driven only 18 miles, but what a ride it has been. Michelle Miller has more. The attack is the latest to target a crypto bridge.

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Microsoft Works was a productivity software suite developed by Microsoft and sold from to Its по этой ссылке functionality included a word processora spreadsheet and a database management system.

Later versions had a calendar application and a dictionary while microsoft works 9 german free releases included a terminal emulator.

Works was available as a standalone program, and as part of a namesake home productivity suite. Works was smaller, less expensive, and had fewer features than Microsoft Office and other major office suites available at the time. Microsoft Works originated as MouseWorks, an integrated spreadsheet, word processor and database program, designed for the Macintosh by ex-Apple employee Don Williams and Rupert Lissner. Boydconvinced Williams in [4] to license the product to Microsoft instead.

As laptops grew in power, Microsoft Works, as it was to be called, evolved as a popular product in its own right.

Works продолжить чтение. System requirements consisted of Windows 3. Works 3. Subsequent releases were for Windows 95 and up and the final version was Works 9. Microsoft released Macintosh versions of Works starting with Works 2. The version numbering roughly followed that of Windows releases.

Through version 4. This resulted in a small memory and disk footprint, which enabled it to run on slower computers napster windows requirements as low as 6 MB of RAM and 12 MB free disk space. Version 9. In lateMicrosoft announced it was discontinuing Works and replacing it with Office Starter Edition[9] [10] although it replaced only the word processor and spreadsheet components but not the calendar or the database.

Microsoft Works has built-in compatibility for the Microsoft Office document formats. DOC and. Newer [ which? Even in the final version Version 9. While its utility for larger organizations is limited by its use of incompatible proprietary native. WKS spreadsheet. WDB databaseand. Version 4. A ‘Works Portfolio’ utility offers Microsoft Binder -like functionality. The Works Calendar can store appointments, integrates with the Windows Address Bookas well as Address Book’s successor, Windows Contacts, and can remind users of birthdays and anniversaries.

It supports importing and exporting iCalendar. ICS files. Up to version 8, using the Works Task Launcher, the calendar and contacts from Windows Address Book acdsee 9 ultimate free be synchronized with portable devices. In Works 9. Microsoft at least at some time in the past made file format conversion filters for Microsoft Word for opening and saving to Works Word Processor format.

One microsoft works 9 german free available solution for converting to and from Microsoft Works files on the Macintosh platform apparently in was the MacLinkPlus product from DataViz. Free online conversion microsoft works 9 german free in were also available. Works Spreadsheet and Works Database are unable to handle more than microsoft works 9 german free installed in Windows and throw error messages.

InMicrosoft introduced Microsoft Home Essentials, which packaged several of its home productivity titles into a single suite that was sold for a then low price described in a review by the Chicago Tribune as “one of the best bargains ever offered.

A slimmer version of the suite, dubbed Works Deluxe, was also offered for that year, but discontinued thereafter. As the programs within Works Suite were developed separately and sold individually, each had a unique look and feel. They were integrated by a task plane, which picked the appropriate program for the user microsoft works 9 german free accomplish each task. In addition to the core programs, each version of Works Suite also included programs such as FoneSync inand PowerPoint Viewer beginning in Later editions of Works Suite prompted users to upgrade to more featured versions of the included programs at a discounted rate.

In addition to retail sales, Works Suite was included with the purchase of a new computer by several manufacturers, notably Dell and Gateway. Works Suite was discontinued after the edition. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Productivity software suite. This section needs additional citations for verification.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Archived from the original on 23 По ссылке Archived from the original on 6 October Retrieved 21 July InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.

Archived from the original on 5 August Retrieved 21 July — via Google Books. Channel 9. Archived from the original on 2 October Retrieved 11 November Archived from the original on Retrieved Archived from the original on 2 January Retrieved 11 January Archived from the original on 19 March Archived from the original on 11 March Archived from the original on 13 Microsoft works 9 german free Archived from the original on 25 July Usenet; gmane.

Archived from the original on 12 October Archived from the original on microsoft works 9 german free July Linux Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 May Retrieved 4 December Archived from the нажмите сюда on 20 July Office suites list. AndrOpen Office Collabora Office. Vector graphics editors Word processors.

Category List Comparison. Word processors. List Comparison of early word processors. AbiWord Bean up to v. Adobe Buzzword Atlantis Nova Bean since v. Nisus Writer. Category:Word processors. Microsoft works 9 german free Sheets Kingsoft Spreadsheets.

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Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Office suite.

Commercial proprietary software. Home Essentials 97 [25]. Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. Home Essentials 98 [26]. Entertainment Pack: Puzzle Collection. Works Suite 99 [27]. Expedia Streets

Symantec , McAfee and Kaspersky Lab —three competing independent software vendors —dismissed it as an unworthy competitor, but AVG Technologies and Avast Software appreciated its potential to expand the consumers’ choice of AV software. The product received generally positive reviews praising its user interface , low resource usage and freeware license.

It lost that certification in October ; in June , MSE achieved the lowest possible protection score, zero. According to a March report by anti-malware specialist OPSWAT, MSE was the most popular AV product in North America and the second most popular in the world, which has resulted in the appearance of several rogue antivirus programs that try to impersonate it.

Microsoft Security Essentials automatically checks and downloads the latest virus definitions from Microsoft Update which is updated three times a day. The issue was resolved within three hours. MSE provides real-time protection , constantly monitoring activities on the computer, scanning new files as they are created or downloaded from the Internet. If no response is received within ten minutes, suspected threats are handled according to the default actions defined in the application’s settings.

Depending on those settings, it may also create System Restore checkpoints before removing the detected malware. On 18 November , Microsoft announced plans for a free consumer security product, codenamed Morro. Anticipated to be available in 20 markets and 10 languages, the product was scheduled for release before the end of ; [22] the final build was released on 29 September Almost a year after the initial release, Microsoft quietly released the second version. It entered the technical preview stage on 19 July , [24] [25] and the final build was released on 16 December It includes Network Inspection System NIS , a network intrusion detection system that works on Windows Vista and Windows 7, as well as a new anti-malware engine that employs heuristics in malware detection.

Version 2. Sixteen months after the release of version 2. A public beta program started on 18 November , when Microsoft sent out invitations to potential participants without announcing a version number.

On 21 February , version 4. The latest version of 4. It was version 4. This update fixes a bug that was introduced earlier in version 4. Although support for Windows 7 [36] ended on 14 January Microsoft will continue to update virus definitions for existing users until Microsoft Security Essentials does not run on Windows 8 and later, which has its own security subsystem, Windows Defender.

On 13 September , at the Build conference in Anaheim, California , Microsoft unveiled the developer preview of Windows 8, which had a security component capable of preventing an infected USB flash memory from compromising the system during the boot process. In an included video, Jason Garms of Microsoft showed how Windows Defender is registered with Action Center as an AV and spyware protection tool, and how it blocks drive-by malware.

The product’s license agreement allows home users to download, install and use it on an unlimited number of computers in their households free of charge, as long as each computer has a legitimately licensed copy of Microsoft Windows. MSE requires no registration or personal information to be submitted during installation; [43] however, the validity of the operating system’s license is verified during and after installation using the Windows Genuine Advantage system.

If said license is found to be invalid, the software will notify the user and will cease to operate after a period of time. The announcement and debut of Microsoft Security Essentials was met with mixed responses from the AV industry.

Symantec , McAfee and Kaspersky Lab , three competing vendors, claimed it to be inferior to their own software.

Avast Software said that it had an ambivalent view towards the product. AVG has believed in the right to free antivirus software for the past eight years. Daniel Ives, an analyst with FBR Capital Markets , said that Microsoft Security Essentials would be a “long-term competitive threat”, although near-term impact would be negligible. The public beta version received several reviews, citing its low resource usage, straightforward user interface and price point.

He did, however, find some of the settings to be cryptic and confusing, defaulting to “recommended action”, with the only explanation of what that action is to be found in the help file. He was also initially confused because the user interface failed to mention that Microsoft Security Essentials automatically updates itself, rather than having to be manually updated via the Update tab; [54] an explanation of this feature was included in the final release. Neil Rubenking of PC Magazine successfully installed the beta version on 12 malware-infected systems and commented on its small installation package about 7 MB, depending on the operating system and speedy installation.

But the initial virus definition update took between 5 and 15 minutes, and the full installation occupied about MB of disk space. Rubenking noted that the beta version sets Windows Update into fully automatic mode, although it can be turned off again through Windows Control Panel. Some full scans took more than an hour on infected systems; a scan on a clean system took 35 minutes.

The product’s real-time protection found 83 percent of all malware and blocked the majority of it: 40 percent of the commercial keyloggers and 78 percent of the rootkits were found. It also detected and eliminated all 25 tested rootkits, generating no false-positives. The product achieved a protection score of 2. Report details show that although version 2. On 29 September , a year after its initial release, Microsoft announced that MSE had more than 30 million users.

John Dunn of PCWorld , who analyzed the report, noted that the tendency to use free AV software is something new: “After all, free antivirus suites have been around for years but have tended to be seen as the poor relations to paid software. The popularity of Microsoft Security Essentials has led to the appearance of malware abusing its name.

In February , a rogue security package calling itself “Security Essentials ” appeared on the internet. The Thai government is targeting the digital content industry as one of the industries for promotion and expressed its intention to become a digital content hub in Asean. Citibank recommends diversifying investments to handle market volatility and increasing interest rates when the global economy continues to face challenges, with ongoing inflation, pressure from oil prices, and supply chain imbalance.

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Get free Outlook email and calendar, plus Office Online apps like Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Outlook works around the clock to help protect your privacy and keep your inbox free of clutter. A Microsoft subscription offers an ad-free interface, custom domains, enhanced security options, the full desktop version of Office, and 1 TB. German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃʔameʁiˌkaːnɐ]) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. With an estimated size of approximately 43 million in , German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the United States Census Bureau in its American Community Survey. German Americans account . Microsoft Works was a productivity software suite developed by Microsoft and sold from to Its core functionality included a word processor, a spreadsheet and a database management replace.me versions had a calendar application and a dictionary while older releases included a terminal replace.me was available as a standalone program, and as . Aug 06,  · BAM promotes E-Commerce markets with 50% discount, free transfer fees. Published: Aug 07, Bangkok Commercial Asset Management Public Company Limited (BAM) selects over 2, properties nationwide for sale at special prices. Gradually considered as handcrafted works, mini books are not only a source of knowledge but are also exhibits.

 

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Microsoft Works was a productivity software suite developed by Microsoft and sold from to Its core functionality included a word processor, a spreadsheet and a database management replace.me versions had a calendar application and a dictionary while older releases included a terminal replace.me was available as a standalone program, and as . Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is an antivirus software (AV) product that provides protection against different types of malicious software, such as computer viruses, spyware, rootkits, and trojan replace.me to version , MSE ran on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7, but not on Windows 8 and later versions, which have built-in AV components . Aug 06,  · BAM promotes E-Commerce markets with 50% discount, free transfer fees. Published: Aug 07, Bangkok Commercial Asset Management Public Company Limited (BAM) selects over 2, properties nationwide for sale at special prices. Gradually considered as handcrafted works, mini books are not only a source of knowledge but are also exhibits. Steam is a video game digital distribution service and storefront by replace.me was launched as a software client in September as a way for Valve to provide automatic updates for their games, and expanded to distributing and offering third-party game publishers’ titles in late Steam offers various features, like digital rights management (DRM), game server .
Microsoft Office XP (codenamed Office 10) is an office suite which was officially revealed in July by Microsoft for the Windows operating replace.me XP was released to manufacturing on March 5, , and was later made available to retail on May 31, , less than five months prior to the release of Windows XP. It is the successor to Office and the predecessor of . Aug 06,  · BAM promotes E-Commerce markets with 50% discount, free transfer fees. Published: Aug 07, Bangkok Commercial Asset Management Public Company Limited (BAM) selects over 2, properties nationwide for sale at special prices. Gradually considered as handcrafted works, mini books are not only a source of knowledge but are also exhibits. Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is an antivirus software (AV) product that provides protection against different types of malicious software, such as computer viruses, spyware, rootkits, and trojan replace.me to version , MSE ran on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7, but not on Windows 8 and later versions, which have built-in AV components .

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Jun Jun 1. Retirement More. Dems propose raising taxes on high earners to preserve Medicare Sens. Jul 7. Retrieved March 8, Archived from the original on December 14, Retrieved March 4, Office Assistance Center. Retrieved December 18, July 10, Archived from the original on June 5, Archived from the original on May 6, The Inquirer.

Incisive Media. Archived from the original on March 5, June 28, Archived from the original DOC on January 31, Retrieved January 11, Archived from the original DOC on November 7, Retrieved January 6, Archived from the original DOC on February 7, Retrieved December 31, Archived from the original on September 27, Although Microsoft Outlook is the only version of Outlook to use Windows Desktop Search by default, it’s not the only version that can benefit from it.

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ISBN Archived from the original on July 14, Archived from the original on October 14, July 5, Retrieved August 10, August 13, Office Home. Archived from the original on October 8, Archived from the original on October 10, The New York Times. Retrieved November 23, Microsoft Office. History Microsoft Discontinued shared tools Accounting Docs. Categories : software Business software for Windows Handwriting recognition Microsoft Office Products and services discontinued in Speech recognition software Windows-only software.

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Download as PDF Printable version. May 31, ; 21 years ago [1]. Microsoft Office Office suite. Proprietary commercial software. Microsoft Office Home Page. December 11, [29]. August 21, [30]. March 30, [3]. Sea on foot. Terrace with Kitchenette microwave, toaster, kettle ,minibar,t.

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They formed Reform synagogues [48] and sponsored numerous local and national philanthropic organizations, such as B’nai B’rith. The Midwestern cities of Milwaukee , Cincinnati , St.

Louis , Chicago were favored destinations of German immigrants. Many concentrations acquired distinctive names suggesting their heritage, such as the ” Over-the-Rhine ” district in Cincinnati, ” Dutchtown ” in South St Louis, and ” German Village ” in Columbus, Ohio.

A particularly attractive destination was Milwaukee , and came to be known as “the German Athens “. Radical Germans trained in politics in the old country dominated the city’s Socialists. Skilled workers dominated many crafts, while entrepreneurs created the brewing industry; the most famous brands included Pabst , Schlitz , Miller , and Blatz. Whereas half of German immigrants settled in cities, the other half established farms in the Midwest.

From Ohio to the Plains states, a heavy presence persists in rural areas into the 21st century. Texas attracted many Germans who entered through Galveston and Indianola , both those who came to farm, and later immigrants who more rapidly took industrial jobs in cities such as Houston. As in Milwaukee , Germans in Houston built the brewing industry. By the s, the first generation of college-educated German Americans were moving into the chemical and oil industries.

Texas had about 20, German Americans in the s. They did not form a uniform bloc, but were highly diverse and drew from geographic areas and all sectors of European society, except that very few aristocrats or upper middle class businessmen arrived. In this regard, Texas Germania was a microcosm of the Germania nationwide. The Germans who settled Texas were diverse in many ways. They included peasant farmers and intellectuals; Protestants, Catholics, Jews, and atheists; Prussians, Saxons, and Hessians; abolitionists and slave owners; farmers and townsfolk; frugal, honest folk and ax murderers.

They differed in dialect, customs, and physical features. A majority had been farmers in Germany, and most arrived seeking economic opportunities. A few dissident intellectuals fleeing the revolutions sought political freedom, but few, save perhaps the Wends, went for religious freedom. The German settlements in Texas reflected their diversity. Even in the confined area of the Hill Country, each valley offered a different kind of German.

The Llano valley had stern, teetotaling German Methodists, who renounced dancing and fraternal organizations; the Pedernales valley had fun-loving, hardworking Lutherans and Catholics who enjoyed drinking and dancing; and the Guadalupe valley had freethinking Germans descended from intellectual political refugees.

The scattered German ethnic islands were also diverse. Germans from Russia were the most traditional of German-speaking arrivals. Their ancestors had come from all over the German-speaking world, invited by Catherine the Great in and to settle and introduce more advanced German agriculture methods to rural Russia.

They had been promised by the manifesto of their settlement the ability to practice their respective Christian denominations, retain their culture and language, and retain immunity from conscription for them and their descendants. As time passed, the Russian monarchy gradually eroded the ethnic German population’s relative autonomy. Conscription eventually was reinstated; this was especially harmful to the Mennonites, who practice pacifism.

Throughout the 19th century, pressure increased from the Russian government to culturally assimilate. Many Germans from Russia found it necessary to emigrate to avoid conscription and preserve their culture. About , immigrated by , settling primarily in the Dakotas, Kansas and Nebraska.

The southern central part of North Dakota was known as “the German-Russian triangle”. A smaller number moved farther west, finding employment as ranchers and cowboys. Negatively influenced by the violation of their rights and cultural persecution by the Tsar , the Germans from Russia who settled in the northern Midwest saw themselves a downtrodden ethnic group separate from Russian Americans and having an entirely different experience from the German Americans who had emigrated from German lands; they settled in tight-knit communities who retained their German language and culture.

They raised large families, built German-style churches, buried their dead in distinctive cemeteries using cast iron grave markers, and sang German hymns. Many farmers specialized in sugar beets—still a major crop in the upper Great Plains. During World War I, their identity was challenged by anti-German sentiment. By the end of World War II, the German language, which had always been used with English for public and official matters, was in serious decline.

Today, German is preserved mainly through singing groups and recipes, with the Germans from Russia in the northern Great Plains states speaking predominantly English. German remains the second most spoken language in North and South Dakota, and Germans from Russia often use loanwords , such as Kuchen for cake. Despite the loss of their language, the ethnic group remains distinct, and has left a lasting impression on the American West. Musician Lawrence Welk became an iconic figure in the German-Russian community of the northern Great Plains—his success story personified the American dream.

Sentiment among German Americans was largely anti-slavery, especially among Forty-Eighters. Raster published anti-slavery pamphlets and was the editor of the most influential German language newspaper in America at the time. When Raster died the Chicago Tribune published an article regarding his service as a correspondent for America to the German states saying, “His writings during and after the Civil War did more to create understanding and appreciation of the American situation in Germany and to float U.

Although only one in four Germans fought in all-German regiments, they created the public image of the German soldier. Pennsylvania fielded five German regiments, New York eleven, and Ohio six. Western railroads, with large land grants available to attract farmers, set up agencies in Hamburg and other German cities, promising cheap transportation, and sales of farmland on easy terms. For example, the Santa Fe railroad hired its own commissioner for immigration, and sold over , acres 1, km 2 to German-speaking farmers.

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the German Americans showed a high interest in becoming farmers, and keeping their children and grandchildren on the land. While they needed profits to stay in operation, they used profits as a tool “to maintain continuity of the family”. Their communities showed smaller average farm size, greater equality, less absentee ownership and greater geographic persistence.

As one farmer explained, “To protect your family has turned out to be the same thing as protecting your land. Germany was a large country with many diverse subregions which contributed immigrants. It connected the 20, immigrants from East Friesland Ostfriesland , Germany, to each other across the Midwest, and to their old homeland. The editor enlisted a network of local correspondents.

By mixing local American and local German news, letters, poetry, fiction, and dialogue, the German-language newspaper allowed immigrants to honor their origins and celebrate their new life as highly prosperous farmers with much larger farms than were possible back in impoverished Ostfriesland. During the world wars, when Germania came under heavy attack, the paper stressed its humanitarian role, mobilizing readers to help the people of East Friesland with relief funds.

Younger generations could usually speak German but not read it, so the subscription base dwindled away as the target audience Americanized itself. Relatively few German Americans held office, but the men voted once they became citizens. In general during the Third party System s—s , the Protestants and Jews leaned toward the Republican party and the Catholics were strongly Democratic.

When prohibition was on the ballot, the Germans voted solidly against it. They strongly distrusted moralistic crusaders, whom they called “Puritans”, including the temperance reformers and many Populists. The German community strongly opposed Free Silver , and voted heavily against crusader William Jennings Bryan in In , many German Democrats returned to their party and voted for Bryan, perhaps because of President William McKinley ‘s foreign policy.

At the local level, historians have explored the changing voting behavior of the German-American community and one of its major strongholds, St. Louis, Missouri. The German Americans had voted 80 percent for Lincoln in , and strongly supported the war effort. They were a bastion of the Republican Party in St. Louis and nearby immigrant strongholds in Missouri and southern Illinois.

The German Americans were angered by a proposed Missouri state constitution that discriminated against Catholics and freethinkers. The requirement of a special loyalty oath for priests and ministers was troublesome.

Despite their strong opposition the constitution was ratified in Racial tensions with the blacks began to emerge, especially in terms of competition for unskilled labor jobs. Germania was nervous about black suffrage in , fearing that blacks would support puritanical laws, especially regarding the prohibition of beer gardens on Sundays.

The tensions split off a large German element in , led by Carl Schurz. Many Germans in late 19th century cities were communists; Germans played a significant role in the labor union movement. He was president of the American Psychological Association in , and the American Philosophical Association in , and played a major role in many other American and international organizations.

Arthur Preuss — was a leading journalist, and theologian. A layman in St Louis. His Fortnightly Review in English was a major conservative voice read closely by church leaders and intellectuals from until He was intensely loyal to the Vatican. He provided lengthy commentary regarding the National Catholic Welfare Conference, the anti-Catholic factor in the presidential campaign of , the hardships of the Great Depression, and the liberalism of the New Deal.

Former president Theodore Roosevelt denounced ” hyphenated Americanism “, insisting that dual loyalties were impossible in wartime. A small minority came out for Germany, such as H. The Justice Department prepared a list of all German aliens, counting approximately , of them, more than 4, of whom were imprisoned in — The allegations included spying for Germany, or endorsing the German war effort.

One person was killed by a mob; in Collinsville, Illinois , German-born Robert Prager was dragged from jail as a suspected spy and lynched. In Chicago, Frederick Stock temporarily stepped down as conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra until he finalized his naturalization papers.

Orchestras replaced music by German composer Wagner with French composer Berlioz. In Cincinnati , the public library was asked to withdraw all German books from its shelves. In Iowa , in the Babel Proclamation , the governor prohibited all foreign languages in schools and public places. Nebraska banned instruction in any language except English, but the U. Supreme Court ruled the ban illegal in Meyer v. American wartime propaganda depicted the bloodthirsty German “Hun” soldier as an enemy of civilization, with his eyes on America from across the Atlantic.

German-American farmer John Meints of Minnesota was tarred and feathered in August for allegedly not supporting war bond drives. Between and , , Germans moved to the United States, many of whom—including Nobel prize winner Albert Einstein and author Erich Maria Remarque —were Jewish Germans or anti-Nazis fleeing government oppression.

The Alien Registration Act of required , German-born resident aliens who had German citizenship to register with the Federal government and restricted their travel and property ownership rights. Civil rights violations occurred. Eisenhower , Admiral Chester W. Roosevelt appointed Republican Wendell Willkie who ironically ran against Roosevelt in the presidential election as a personal representative. German Americans who had fluent German language skills were an important asset to wartime intelligence, and they served as translators and as spies for the United States.

Most resettled in Germany, but others came as refugees to the United States in the late s, and established cultural centers in their new homes. Some Danube Swabians , for instance, ethnic Germans who had maintained language and customs after settlement in Hungary, later Yugoslavia now Serbia , immigrated to the U. They are mostly professionals and academics who have come for professional reasons. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of Germany , Germany has become a preferred destination for immigrants rather than a source of migrating peoples.

The German American community supported reunification in In the U. Census , 58 million Americans claimed to be solely or partially of German descent. She notes that all over the United States, celebrations such as German fests and Oktoberfests have been appearing.

Of the four major US regions, German was the most-reported ancestry in the Midwest , second in the West , and third in both the Northeast and the South. German was the top reported ancestry in 23 states, and it was one of the top five reported ancestries in every state except Maine and Rhode Island.

Estimated population by state according to the American Community Survey. Estimated percentage of the population by state according to the American Community Survey rounded to the nearest hundredth of a percent.

Today, most German Americans have assimilated to the point they no longer have readily identifiable ethnic communities, though there are still many metropolitan areas where German is the most reported ethnicity, such as Cincinnati , Northern Kentucky , Cleveland , Columbus , Indianapolis , Milwaukee , Minneapolis — Saint Paul , Pittsburgh , and St.

The 25 U. Large U. The Germans worked hard to maintain and cultivate their language, especially through newspapers and classes in elementary and high schools. By the late 19th century, the Germania Publishing Company was established in Milwaukee, a publisher of books, magazines, and newspapers in German. Between and , the German American population in the United States doubled, and many of its members insisted on maintaining their culture.

German was used in local schools and churches, while numerous Vereine , associations dedicated to literature, humor, gymnastics, and singing, sprang up in German American communities. German Americans tended to support the German government’s actions, and, even after the United States entered World War I, they often voted for antidraft and antiwar candidates. Choral music, Brass and String Music and Congregational singing were highly cultivated. The Moravian Church produced many composers and musicians.

Haydn ‘s Creation had its American debut in Bethlehem in the early 19th century. The spiritual beliefs of Johann Conrad Beissel — and the Ephrata Cloister—such as the asceticism and mysticism of this Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, group – are reflected in Beissel’s treatises on music and hymns, which have been considered the beginning of America’s musical heritage.

In most major cities, Germans took the lead in creating a musical culture, with popular bands, singing societies, operas and symphonic orchestras. The first began in ; the last folded in An important aspect of Wheeling social life, these societies reflected various social classes and enjoyed great popularity until anti-German sentiments during World War I and changing social values dealt them a death blow.

The Liederkranz, a German-American music society, played an important role in the integration of the German community into the life of Louisville, Kentucky. Started in , the organization was strengthened by the arrival of German liberals after the failure of the revolution of that year. By the mids the Germans formed one-third of Louisville’s population and faced nativist hostility organized in the Know-Nothing movement.

Violent demonstrations forced the chorus to suppress publicity of its performances that included works by composer Richard Wagner. The Liederkranz suspended operations during the Civil War, but afterward grew rapidly, and was able to build a large auditorium by An audience of 8, that attended a performance in demonstrated that the Germans were an accepted part of Louisville life.

The Imperial government in Berlin promoted German culture in the U. A steady influx of German-born conductors, including Arthur Nikisch and Karl Muck, spurred the reception of German music in the United States, while German musicians seized on Victorian Americans’ growing concern with ’emotion’.

The performance of pieces such as Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony established German serious music as the superior language of feeling.

Turner societies in the United States were first organized during the midth century so German American immigrants could visit with one another and become involved in social and sports activities. The National Turnerbund, the head organization of the Turnvereine, started drilling members as in militia units in Nearly half of all Turners fought in the Civil War, mostly on the Union side, and a special group served as bodyguards for President Lincoln.

By the s, Turners numbered nearly 65, At the turn of the 21st century, with the ethnic identity of European Americans in flux and Americanization a key element of immigrant life, there were few Turner groups, athletic events were limited, and non-Germans were members. A survey of surviving groups and members reflects these radical changes in the role of Turner societies and their marginalization in 21st-century American society, as younger German Americans tended not to belong, even in strongholds of German heritage in the Midwest.

As for any immigrant population, the development of a foreign-language press helped immigrants more easily learn about their new home, maintain connections to their native land, and unite immigrant communities. Louis, and the Illinois Staats-Zeitung in Chicago, promoted middle-class values and encouraged German ethnic loyalty among their readership. The papers were owned and operated in the U. As Wittke emphasizes, press. The papers reported on major political and diplomatic events involving Germany, with pride but from the viewpoint of its American readers.

Many of these publications folded within a year, while a select few, such as the Cincinnati Freie Presse , lasted nearly a century.

By the end of the 19th century, there were over German-language publications in the United States. Germans brought organized gymnastics to America, and were strong supporters of sports programs. They used sport both to promote ethnic identity and pride and to facilitate integration into American society. Beginning in the midth century, the Turner movement offered exercise and sports programs, while also providing a social haven for the thousands of new German immigrants arriving in the United States each year.

Another highly successful German sports organization was the Buffalo Germans basketball team, winners of games against only 85 losses in the early years of the 20th century. These examples, and others, reflect the evolving place of sport in the assimilation and socialization of much of the German-American population. German immigrants who arrived before the 19th century tended to have been members of the Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Germany, and created the Lutheran Synods of Pennsylvania, North Carolina and New York.

The largest Lutheran denominations in the U. Many immigrants joined different churches from those that existed in Germany. Protestants often joined the Methodist church. The Moravian Church in America is one of the results of this effort, as are the many “Union” churches in rural Pennsylvania. Before , communities of Amish , Mennonites , Schwarzenau Brethren and Moravians had formed and are still in existence today. The Amish, who were originally from southern Germany and Switzerland, arrived in Pennsylvania during the early 18th century.

Amish immigration to the United States reached its peak between the years and Religious freedom was perhaps the most pressing cause for Amish immigration to Pennsylvania, which became known as a haven for persecuted religious groups.

The Hutterites are another example of a group of German Americans who continue a lifestyle similar to that of their ancestors. Like the Amish, they fled persecution for their religious beliefs, and came to the United States between and Today, Hutterites mostly reside in Montana , the Dakotas , and Minnesota , and the western provinces of Canada.

Hutterites continue to speak Hutterite German. Most are able to understand Standard German in addition to their dialect.

Immigrants from Germany in the mid-to-lateth century brought many different religions with them. The most numerous were Lutheran or Catholic , although the Lutherans were themselves split among different groups. Other Lutherans formed various synods, most of which merged with Scandinavian-based synods in , forming the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Some 19th-century immigrants, especially the “Forty-Eighters”, were secular, rejecting formal religion. About , German Jews had arrived by the s, and they sponsored reform synagogues in many small cities across the country. About two million Central and Eastern European Jews arrived from the s to , bringing more traditional religious practices. After two or three generations, most German Americans adopted mainstream American customs — some of which they heavily influenced — and switched their language to English.

As one scholar concludes, “The overwhelming evidence In German parochial schools, the children spoke English among themselves, though some of their classes were in German.

Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is an antivirus software (AV) product that provides protection against different types of malicious software, such as computer viruses, spyware, rootkits, and trojan replace.me to version , MSE ran on Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7, but not on Windows 8 and later versions, which have built-in AV components . All classifieds – Veux-Veux-Pas, free classified ads Website. Come and visit our site, already thousands of classified ads await you What are you waiting for? It’s easy to use, no lengthy sign-ups, and % free! If you have many products or ads, create your own online store (e-commerce shop) and conveniently group all your classified ads in your shop! Webmasters, . German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃʔameʁiˌkaːnɐ]) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry. With an estimated size of approximately 43 million in , German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the United States Census Bureau in its American Community Survey. German Americans account . Steam is a video game digital distribution service and storefront by replace.me was launched as a software client in September as a way for Valve to provide automatic updates for their games, and expanded to distributing and offering third-party game publishers’ titles in late Steam offers various features, like digital rights management (DRM), game server . Aug 03,  · Free video calls with one click, no sign ups, no downloads, no passwords. With Meet Now in the Windows 10 taskbar, Outlook, and more, Enjoy our latest features on the new Skype for Web using the most current versions of Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome.

You can chat in real time with Skype —right from your inbox. Use Outlook’s powerful built-in calendar to keep track of your appointments and schedule meetings with others. We’ve designed Outlook. Schedule and manage appointments, meetings, or events. See details about contacts when you hover over their name. Prioritize your tasks with Microsoft To Do. The companies are seeking thousands of volunteers in the U. Before you can even start searching for a new home, you first need to zero in on your homebuying budget.

Whether you’re considering opening a Roth IRA or if you’re already using one, it never hurts to understand how it can affect your overall retirement plans. Despite their popularity, credit cards can be confusing. We answer your most frequently asked questions to help you understand how credit cards work and maximize their value.

Swimply lets private pool owners rent them by the hour, while helping people beat the heat. Other tech industry bellwethers are also trimming jobs as they brace for slower consumer spending. Hype around nonfungible tokens is starting to fade, but some buyers say they have no regrets. Retail giant claims “bad actors” on Facebook are recruiting people to post phony reviews about products sold on Amazon. New schemes are proliferating just as enforcers are making headway in reducing illegal robocalls, consumer watchdog finds.

The athlete and icon suggested that she’s planning to retire in a new Vogue essay published on Tuesday. Under the Presidential Records Act, documents sent and received as president must be preserved. Taiwan says China’s ongoing war games reveal Beijing’s broader intentions to control the region.

Over a four-year period, , Lamont Dozier and brothers Brian and Eddie Holland crafted more than 25 top 10 songs. Afghans hoping to come to the U. But U. Tilley’s attorney, Steve Schroering, told news outlets that his client is innocent and turned himself in.

Miyake built one of Japan’s biggest fashion brands, becoming well known for its trademark origami-like pleats, and Steve Jobs’ ubiquitous black turtlenecks. That’s kind of what it’s worth,” says restaurant owner Jenna Petersiel. You don’t have to work for Uber or Lyft to make money using your car. Instead, just wrap it in ads.

Joe Manchin and Chuck Schumer craft a scaled-back version of the economic package thwarted by Manchin last year. Workers who move k s into IRAs can lose significant money to a choice they didn’t have to make, new analysis shows. With Americans’ nest eggs mostly held in k s and IRAs, the swoon could force many to delay their retirement. Some lawmakers want to revise the retirement program to shore up its funding and boost benefits for its 69 million recipients. In this “Sunday Morning” interview from , the Pulitzer Prize-winning historian who died August 8, at age 89 discusses his biography of an overlooked Founding Father.

Scott said there are many questions about whether the FBI “is doing their job apolitical” and that a search of a former president’s home “is going to raise more questions. The Presidential Records Act governs the record-keeping responsibilities of presidents, but legal experts have said Trump may have violated other laws. It’s now become a sanctuary for other veterans and military widows. Four doctors share their concerns about why abortion restrictions are causing confusion and putting patients’ lives at risk.

CBS News has obtained a draft report that indicates COVID restrictions in the classroom having to do with testing and social distancing could soon be eased. While not final, the recommendations could also lift quarantine recommendations for those exposed to the virus, whether they are vaccinated or not.

Nancy Chen reports. The general tasked with defending the key port city of Mykolaiv is bracing for a counter offensive against Russia, and he needs all the American help he can get.

Mikey Allen’s remote castle in Wales is a monument to the power of the human mind to overcome trauma, and a temple for others to do the same. The River Po has been running dry as it faces its worst drought in 70 years. Singer Olivia Newton-John, who sold million records and was a tireless advocate for breast cancer research, died after a three-decade battle with the disease.

Gayle King looks back at her life and legacy. It has driven only 18 miles, but what a ride it has been. Michelle Miller has more. The attack is the latest to target a crypto bridge. In a state where every drop of water counts, ornamental grass — which accounts for a large percentage of outdoor water use — has been banned in Southern Nevada, just one step being taken to address rising temperatures and shriveling reservoirs.

In a state where every drop of water counts, ornamental grass — which accounts for a large percentage of outdoor water use — has been banned in Southern Nevada. Correspondent Tracy Smith talks with climate and water experts about the steps being taken or not to address rising temperatures; and with astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson about the lack of urgency he says is hampering humanity’s ability to counter this existential threat to our planet.

Four rockets were launched from Earth on Thursday. Among them was a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket carrying a missile warning satellite into orbit for the Space Force. Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin launched six people briefly into space, including Vanessa O’Brien, the first woman to complete the Explorers’ Extreme trifecta. The sisters’ great-aunt has called the deaths an “honor killing,” in which a woman is murdered by a relative to protect her family’s honor. The children died from smoke inhalation.

The children, ages 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, were either sleeping or passed out when officers pulled them from the car, police said. All were hospitalized. Cedric Dent served more than 20 years for the killing in New Orleans, but an advocacy group’s investigation turned up significant issues with his trial. Etienne Klein apologized for misleading some Twitter followers with his “scientist’s joke.

South Korea’s first moon mission will search for ice in permanently shadowed polar craters. It was the sixth crewed flight of Blue Origin’s New Shepard sub-orbital spacecraft.

Tonga’s Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano spewed an unprecedented amount of water vapor into the atmosphere. Retrieved February 25, Download Center. March 30, Archived from the original on January 5, Office Support. May 30, Archived from the original on December 1, Archived from the original on March 7, Retrieved April 9, August 6, Archived from the original on April 14, Retrieved February 26, Windows IT Pro.

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Correspondent Tracy Smith talks with climate and water experts about the steps being taken or not to address rising temperatures; and with astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson about the lack of urgency he says is hampering humanity’s ability to counter this existential threat to our planet. Four rockets were launched from Earth on Thursday. Among them was a United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket carrying a missile warning satellite into orbit for the Space Force.

Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin launched six people briefly into space, including Vanessa O’Brien, the first woman to complete the Explorers’ Extreme trifecta. The sisters’ great-aunt has called the deaths an “honor killing,” in which a woman is murdered by a relative to protect her family’s honor. The children died from smoke inhalation. The children, ages 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, were either sleeping or passed out when officers pulled them from the car, police said. All were hospitalized.

Cedric Dent served more than 20 years for the killing in New Orleans, but an advocacy group’s investigation turned up significant issues with his trial. Etienne Klein apologized for misleading some Twitter followers with his “scientist’s joke. South Korea’s first moon mission will search for ice in permanently shadowed polar craters. It was the sixth crewed flight of Blue Origin’s New Shepard sub-orbital spacecraft.

Tonga’s Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano spewed an unprecedented amount of water vapor into the atmosphere. An anonymous letter writer terrorizes a small town, threatening to expose their rumored dark secrets. Inside the case against Steven Pankey, a former political candidate who was tried for the kidnapping and murder of a Colorado year-old. CDC data reveals which U. An inside look at the puzzling disappearance of the Florida millionaire.

Bestselling historian David McCullough died August 8, at age In this “Sunday Morning” interview, originally broadcast on July 1, , he talks with correspondent Rita Braver about an overlooked Founding Father, John Adams, the subject of his Pulitzer Prize-winning biography.

A search of former President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago home and resort raises questions about what information federal agents are looking for. The FBI conducted a search Monday at Mar-a-Lago, former President Donald Trump’s personal residence and private club, related to documents from his presidential records.

CBS News senior investigative correspondent Catherine Herridge reports and joins Anne-Marie Green and Vladimir Duthiers to discuss what’s next in the investigation and its possible political implications. Latest News. Online prices fall for the first time in two years Drop in online prices, driven by discounts on electronics and apparel, raises hopes inflation may be turning the corner. Eli Lilly pushes back against Indiana’s new abortion law Some large employers say sweeping restrictions on the procedure will make it harder to recruit employees in the state.

Reselling new cars suddenly comes with “absolutely insane” profit Some carmakers are beginning to crackdown on the practice. Jake Paul launching a sports “micro-betting” venture Betr will offer original sports content and a gambling app focused on in-game bets, the former YouTube star said. Don’t make these k mistakes as stocks slide One in 7 investors is making a major error in managing their retirement plan, research shows.

Aug 8. Mattress company Casper is hiring professional nappers Like to sleep on the job? Did Equifax’s credit error affect you? Here’s how to check. Aug 5. See details about contacts when you hover over their name.

Prioritize your tasks with Microsoft To Do. Locate messages, people, and documents. And that’s not all, you can now kill time by searching up the image and exploring more about the beautiful scenery and places you see on your background! You can quickly zoom in with your mouse or with the handy controls on the screen. That way, you can always adjust the shared screen to exactly the size you need. Get a closer look at a shared screen at any time, so you never miss a detail.

From marathon video calls to wedding bells, this couple relied on Skype to stay connected while living thousands of miles apart. As citizens of the world were faced with the question of how to navigate these challenging times, they looked to technology to find inventive ways to stay connected.

Read on to see our plans for an improved, faster, reliable, and super modern-looking Skype. We’ve been listening closely to your feedback, and many of the changes come directly from your suggestions. Retrieved February 25, Download Center. March 30, Archived from the original on January 5, Office Support.

May 30, Archived from the original on December 1, Archived from the original on March 7, Retrieved April 9, August 6, Archived from the original on April 14, Retrieved February 26, Windows IT Pro.

Archived from the original on June 13, Retrieved January 3, March 5, Retrieved September 5, Archived from the original on January 3, CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on February 25, Retrieved January 1, Retrieved July 25, Keynote Support. Retrieved January 23, September Archived from the original DOC on November 4, May 13, March 11, Net strategy”.

And happy new year to you! December 27, Archived from the original on August 21, NET technologies at financial meeting”. Supersite for Windows. Archived from the original on March 30, Retrieved December 28, Archived from the original on April 6, Archived from the original on March 2, Archived from the original on June 1, Archived from the original on August 22, Retrieved March 11, Archived from the original on February 22, Archived from the original on September 8, Office XP Resource Kit.

March 9, Works Suite was discontinued after the edition. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Productivity software suite. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Archived from the original on 23 January Archived from the original on 6 October Retrieved 21 July InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. Archived from the original on 5 August Retrieved 21 July — via Google Books.

Channel 9. Archived from the original on 2 October Retrieved 11 November Archived from the original on Retrieved Archived from the original on 2 January Retrieved 11 January Archived from the original on 19 March